Which statement about HCC risk factors is accurate?

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Multiple Choice

Which statement about HCC risk factors is accurate?

Chronic hepatitis B infection is a major driver of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the burden is highest in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where HBV is highly endemic and often acquired at birth, leading to lifelong infection. This long-standing infection raises HCC risk and can lead to cancer even before severe cirrhosis develops, so the statement about HBV-driven HCC being common in these regions is accurate. NAFLD remains a significant and growing risk factor worldwide due to obesity and metabolic syndrome, so saying it’s no longer a risk isn’t correct. HCV infection continues to be a risk for HCC in many regions, so it does not carry zero risk anywhere. Aflatoxin exposure increases HCC risk and can interact with HBV to markedly raise risk; it does not eliminate risk.

Chronic hepatitis B infection is a major driver of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the burden is highest in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where HBV is highly endemic and often acquired at birth, leading to lifelong infection. This long-standing infection raises HCC risk and can lead to cancer even before severe cirrhosis develops, so the statement about HBV-driven HCC being common in these regions is accurate.

NAFLD remains a significant and growing risk factor worldwide due to obesity and metabolic syndrome, so saying it’s no longer a risk isn’t correct.

HCV infection continues to be a risk for HCC in many regions, so it does not carry zero risk anywhere.

Aflatoxin exposure increases HCC risk and can interact with HBV to markedly raise risk; it does not eliminate risk.

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